Everything about Antisense Rna totally explained
Antisense RNA (
aRNA) is single-stranded
RNA that's
complementary to a
messenger RNA (mRNA) strand
transcribed within a
cell. Antisense RNA may be introduced into a cell to inhibit
translation of a complementary mRNA by
base pairing to it and physically obstructing the translation machinery. This effect is therefore
stoichiometric. An example of naturally occurring mRNA antisense mechanism is the
hok/sok system of the E.coli R1 plasmid. Antisense RNA has long been thought of as a promising technique for disease therapy; the only such case to have reached the market is the drug
fomivirsen. Generally, antisense RNA still lack effective design, biological activity, and efficient
route of administration.
Historically, the effects of antisense RNA have often been confused with the effects of
RNA interference, a related process in which double-stranded RNA fragments called
small interfering RNAs trigger
catalytically mediated
gene silencing, most typically by targeting the
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to bind to and degrade the mRNA. Attempts to
genetically engineer transgenic plants to express antisense RNA instead activate the RNAi pathway, although the processes result in differing magnitudes of the same downstream effect, gene silencing. Well-known examples include the
Flavr Savr tomato and two
cultivars of
ringspot-resistant
papaya.
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